![]() ![]() Due to the important implications that this has for our approaches it is essential to define each one clearly and to undertake an explicit comparative analysis between them within an archaeological framework. However, the main body of the paper is concerned with the presentation of the different philosophical schools of taxonomy: phenetics, cladistics and evolutionary taxonomy. 2 Ali Bin Muhammad al-Jarjn, al-Tarft, (Beirut: Dr al-Kitb al-Arab, 1413), h. Lihat Ibnu Manr al-Ifrq, Lisn al-Arab (Beirut: Dr Iy al-Tur al-Islm, 1403), Jilid X, h. The main aim of this paper is to introduce researchers in social sciences, especially archaeologists, to the fundamental theory underlying all of the taxonomical reconstructions and classifications, as well as to present the historiography and methodological development of this research area. 1 Ahmad bin Fris al-Rz, Mujam Maqys al-lugah (Beirut: Dr al-Jl, t.th), Jilid IV, h. ![]() Although taxonomy has been applied to anthropology and archaeology for a long time, most of the methodological achievements have taken place in evolutionary biology. ![]() Its use can be extended to all areas of knowledge of historical nature in which variation and diversity are constantly produced through time and space. Taxonomy works forming groups of specimens or of any kind of object on the basis of a particular series of criteria.
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